Which aspect of international relations involves mutual defense agreements?

The concept of mutual defense agreements falls under collective security, which emphasizes the idea that an attack on one member of an alliance is considered an attack on all members. This creates a framework where countries agree to work together to ensure their mutual defense and maintain peace and security. Collective security arrangements are often formalized through treaties or alliances, such as NATO, where members commit to defend one another if attacked.

In contrast, globalization refers to the interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and populations, which does not inherently focus on mutual defense. Diplomacy involves negotiation and dialogue between nations but does not necessarily include formal defense agreements. Economic sanctions, on the other hand, are punitive measures imposed by one country (or a group of countries) against another to influence behavior but do not provide a military defense framework. Therefore, the focus on mutual defense distinctly aligns with the principles of collective security.