What program was essential for the security and national independence of the United States during the Cold War?

The Naval Research and Development program played a crucial role during the Cold War by advancing technology and weaponry necessary for maintaining national security and independence. This program was pivotal in promoting innovations that would enhance the capabilities of the U.S. Navy and overall military, particularly in response to the technological advancements being made by other nations, notably the Soviet Union.

During the Cold War, the arms race necessitated the development of sophisticated naval technologies, including submarines, aircraft carriers, and advanced weapon systems. The research fostered through this program contributed to superior naval power, which was a significant deterrent against potential threats and an essential part of the United States' military strategy during this tense period in history. It ensured that the U.S. maintained a technological edge, which was critical for ensuring both security and independence from external domination or influence.